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The World Cup of DDoS Attacks

Hacktivist for Operation Hacking Cup #OpHackingCup took down the Brazil World Cup site and have targeted hundreds of other sites.  This was not the first time a major event has been targeted nor will it be the last. Hacktivist have been actively leveraging Distribute Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks as a way to successfully highlight and protest against political, economic or ideological conflicts for quite some time. It has become so mainstream there was even a petition to the Obama administration to make DDoS legal. The FFIEC recently issued guidance to financial institutions with a quick guide on mitigation techniques.   Techniques used by cybercriminals to conduct attacks have become increasingly sophisticated – from single point denial of service attacks on networks to distributed denial of service beyond focusing just on Layer 7. In fact, DDoS has become so commercial that we’ve seen DDoS for hire  underground offerings for as low as $7 per hour with free one hour try before you buy option.  Couple this with a recent Ponemon report which highlighted that one hour of downtime for a merchant would equate to an average loss of $500,000 – what an amazing ROI for cybercriminals considering for the same amount of money I spend on coffee a day they can impact an organization’s bottom line by over $500,000! Traditional DDoS attacks focused on things like UDP Flood, Syn Flood and ICMP Flood targeting network resource exhaustion .     Modern day DDoS attacks such as Op Ababil, target the HTTP layer and above.   In recent DDoS attacks, reflection and amplification have been the weakness of choice such as the Network Time Protocol (NTP) attacks this past February or the DNS lookup attacks late last year. Cybercriminals continue to develop even more sophisticated botnets which can remain active longer before being discovered and they are hosting a botnet’s command-and-control center in a Tor-based network (where each node adds a layer of encryption as traffic passes) obfuscates the server’s location and makes it much harder to take it down.  Additionally, cybercriminals are building more resilient peer-to-peer botnets, populated by bots that talk to each other, with no central control point. If one bot (or peer) in a peer-to-peer botnet goes down, another will take over, extending the life of the botnet using business continuity techniques. This is exactly what we saw with the recent GameOver Zeus and CryptoLocker botnet disruption. These types of attacks make requests that are perceived to be legitimate; like attempting logins, performing search or downloading large files repeatedly which can easily bypass standard DDoS defenses such as firewalls, Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) and Web Application Firewalls (WAF). Additionally, modern day DDoS attacks are starting to abuse a business logic flaws rather than network resources on a more frequent basis as few organizations are focused on that aspect of their site for security detection. This is why it is becoming more critical to determine whether a request is legitimate or not and without understanding business logic used for processing the request this is incredibly challenging. In addition to what you are already doing today, you should consider focusing on the detection of business logic abuse by analyzing the behavior of users. You can achieve this by tracking every user/IP including pages accessed, the order of accesses, how quickly they moved between pages and other web paths taken by the same IP address. Further, if you analyze all web traffic it makes it possible to identify users or IP addresses displaying similar behavior. Users can then be clustered based on behavior enabling your administrators to find all endpoints involved in the attack. If this analysis happens in real-time you can identify more attackers as attacks happen. Take a look at what we saw with one of our Web Threat Detection customers. In a world where we will always have political, economic or ideological conflicts – and major sporting event, we should assume there will always be some type of cyber attack in parallel.  What is your game plan to defeat your competition? Source: https://blogs.rsa.com/world-cup-ddos-attacks/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=world-cup-ddos-attacks

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The World Cup of DDoS Attacks

Brobot botnet used to launch DDoS attack

DOSarrest Internet Security had a run in with the notorious Brobot Botnet, if the name sounds familiar it’s because this bot was responsible for sporadic outages on a number of large US based financial institutions in 2013. Said to be operated by al-Qassam Cyber Fighters (AKA QCF). Botnets are born, die, grow, shrink, and morph on a daily basis, if not hourly. It’s hard to keep track of them all. Then there are particularly nasty ones that are large, powerful and sophisticated. These particular botnets have some of their zombies or bots corralled off for research purposes by a number of organizations including private Botnet hunters, government cyber surveillance departments and other large law enforcement agencies. On to the attack Why ? One of our customers is a large media outlet specializing in Middle Eastern news. With all the conflict over there these days, they must have written a few stories that the attackers were not in agreement with. How ? Using Brobot, the attackers threw millions of TCP port 80 requests at the website. Unlike a SYN attack that tries to exhaust your TCP open sessions table buffers, this attack would open and close each session/request: 1)     Request a TCP connection 2)     Once established they would send one character 3)     Then request the TCP session to close. The problem arises when you are receiving approximately 50 million of these per second. Where ? This botnet is comprised of infected webservers using PHP, hosted on various webhosting companies around the globe. Some hosting companies seem to be represented a little more than others. One notable observation of the Brobot is that it’s very US centric, not all of the bots are based in the US but approximately 40%  are, which makes filtering based on countries very difficult. When under a large TCP port 80 attack, usually it is not evenly divided across our scrubbing nodes in the US and Europe. This was different, virtually all of our upstream links in every city had pretty much the same amount of Packets Per Second and Bandwidth. I can’t ever remember seeing that in the last 7 years All links had a graph like the one above Who cares ? Within a couple of hours of the attack starting we were contacted by a private Botnet hunter that knew we were dealing with Brobot. Soon followed by visits to our website from two US federal Law enforcement agencies. Hence the title, not all botnets are equal.

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Brobot botnet used to launch DDoS attack

Are DDoS attacks becoming more sophisticated?

If you’ve taken the time to read the various security articles over the last few months, you’ll quickly realise that the relatively nascent Bitcoin is well acquainted with DDoS. Initially, this was to undermine and influence Bitcoin currency, but now it is actually being used to steal Bitcoin funds in the millions of dollars. Of course, the very nature of a “”virtual currency”” is going to be attractive to cyber criminals who see it as an easy target; after all, they only have to steal digital information from a computer. At the end of the day, the attackers are winning with what is all too often considered a crude tool. It begs the question: Is DDoS still to be considered a blunt instrument? From what I have seen, the answer is a resounding no. Here’s why: Unconventional DDoS DDoS is getting more sophisticated – DDoS in its simplest form attempts to bombard a server with so many requests that it can’t handle the volume and therefore just shuts down, making a website inaccessible. The conventional understanding of DDoS is that it is typically massive in terms of bandwidth, packets per second and connection, and the latest attacks on BitStamp suggest there was indeed a high volume aspect to the attack. The more important aspect to this attack was how the attackers were able to masquerade the hash of a user transaction and essentially bombard the exchanges with it- in the hope it would be processed before the actual legitimate sessions. In effect, this was not your typical ‘clog the pipe’ DDoS strategy, which is usually touted in articles detailing a huge DDoS attack. The attackers had quite specific knowledge and did their homework when it came to how best to take advantage of DDoS tools and bring down the exchange. Blurring the lines between DDoS and hacking DDoS and hacking have traditionally been seen as two mutually exclusive security initiatives, each requiring its own set of mitigating strategies. While we have seen the two used in tandem – where the DDoS is the ‘feint’ used to cover backend attempts for data theft – the Bitstamp situation stands apart from these experiences in that the DDoS was the actual tool used to carry out the theft. The spoofing of a digital signature/hash to modify the blockchain record was within the payload of the actual DDoS attack. It’s an alarming development considering that more and more ‘conventional’ companies are implementing public facing tools to carry out transactions, which could be hijacked in a similar manner as seen here. There’s no doubt that the stakes are high when it comes to Bitcoin- on the one hand, there could be a lot to gain as adoption and popularity rises; and on the other, there is the regulatory uncertainty and likely insurance issues to consider. When it comes to protecting yourself, realise that by accepting virtual currency, you also become a target for Bitcoin miners and make sure you have appropriate technology in place to protect yourself from DDoS attacks – whether it is a hardware solution that takes days to install and requires a higher up-front cost; or a provider who offers DDoS protection services that can be up and running in as little as a few hours for a monthly cost. Source: http://www.techradar.com/news/software/security-software/are-ddos-attacks-becoming-more-sophisticated–1254382

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Are DDoS attacks becoming more sophisticated?

DDoS Attack Hit Hong Kong Democracy Voting Website

Hackers and cyber attacks are getting evil and worst nightmare for companies day-by-day. Just last week a group of hackers ruined the code-hosting and software collaboration platform, ‘Code Spaces’ by destroying their Amazon cloud server, complete data and its backup files too. Recently, the largest ever and most severe Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks in the history of the Internet has been recorded that hit the online democracy poll promoting opinion on the upcoming Hong Kong elections. PopVote, an online mock election operated by The University of Hong Kong’s Public Opinion Program, by Saturday recorded more than half a million votes in less than 30 hours in the unofficial referendum that provided permanent residents of Hong Kong to choose their preferred political representatives, that is suppose to be continued until June 29. However, the Chief Executive is officially chosen by a 1,200-member Election Committee under the current political system and drawn largely from pro-Beijing and business camps. On the first day of voting, China’s State Council denounced the voting as “ illegal and invalid .” Hong Kong’s chief executive, Leung Chun-ying, said all the proposals on the ballot are not complied with Hong Kong’s Basic Law, the territory’s de facto constitution. On Friday, Matthew Prince , the CEO and co-founder of San Francisco based CloudFlare, the web performance company maintaining the voting website, said that the DDoS attack on the Occupy Central’s voting platform was “ one of the largest and most persistent ” ever. According to Prince, the cybercriminals appeared to be using a network of compromised computers around the world to effectively disable the service of the voting website with an overwhelming amount of traffic. In such cases of attacks, the computer users who are exploited are usually unaware that their systems have been compromised. Prince also wrote on Twitter: “ Battling 300Gbps+ attack right now ,” on the first day that the vote began. Three hundred gigabits per second is an enormous amount of data to take down any huge servers. Also a DDoS attack last year on Spamhaus, a non-profit organisation that aims to help email providers filter out spams and other unwanted contents, is largely considered to be the biggest DDoS attack in the history, which the Cloudflare said the attack “almost broke the Internet.” Source: http://thehackernews.com/2014/06/largest-ddos-attack-hit-hong-kong.html

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DDoS Attack Hit Hong Kong Democracy Voting Website

Ancestry.com working to fully restore services following DDoS attack

The genealogy website Ancestry.com is working to fully restore its service after it was hit by a Distributed Denial of Service attack. Company spokeswoman Heather Erickson says it means ancestry.com was overwhelmed with bogus traffic Monday. “The attack was overloading our systems with massive amounts of traffic, but it did not access any data in servers,” Erickson said. The site, which has more than 2 million subscribers, was down for much of Tuesday and wasn’t fully operational Wednesday afternoon. Its Web team neutralized the DDoS attack and was working to fully restore services. “This has been a very frustrating and overwhelming experience, and our teams have been fantastic, working around the clock to make it neutralized,” Erickson said. Company officials are hoping to fully recover from the attack soon. Ancestry.com is posting updates on its Facebook and Twitter pages. Erickson said she doesn’t know where the attack came from. “These types of attacks aren’t unique to Ancestry. We know of many other companies that have been victim to these types of attacks. It’s unfortunate that any company has to go through something like this,” she said. The attack also impacted Ancestry.com’s sister site Find a Grave, though as of Wednesday afternoon it was back up, according to its Facebook page. Company officials said the sync and search feature in Family Tree Maker were still disabled until the site stability had been fully restored. They recommended people use the feature offline. Source: http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865605393/Ancestrycom-working-to-fully-restore-services-following-DDoS-attack.html

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Ancestry.com working to fully restore services following DDoS attack

Hong Kong Voting Site Suffers DDoS Attack Before Civil Referendum

Just days before a citizen-led online referendum on voting rights, the technical platform that advocates had planned to use for the referendum suffered a massive DDoS attack. From June 20-22, citizens will be invited to vote on a referendum on constitutional reforms that would guarantee all citizens the right to vote in elections that determine who will be the city’s Chief Executive. To build a public consensus around a recent civil proposal on universal suffrage, the civic group “Occupy Central with Love and Peace” appointed the Public Opinion Programme at Hong Kong University and the Center for Social Policy Studies at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University to host the civil referendum on their servers. On June 13, 30 hours after HKU’s Public Opinion Programme (POP) tested their online system by accepting voter pre-registrations, the system endured the largest distributed denial of service attack in its history. Two of their hosting providers have since withdrawn their service for the project. The civil referendum has been criticized by pro-Beijing political groups, sparking controversy concerning channels for nomination. Many Hong Kongers feel that political party nomination and nomination by a nominating committee serve as a filtering mechanism for eliminating candidates who are undesirable for Beijing. According to a press release issued by HKU POP on June 16, the voting system is hosted by Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cloudflare and UDomain. All three web hosting services suffered from large scale DDoS attacks on June 14 and 15. AWS recorded 10 billion system requests with 20 hours, CloudFare recorded a 75Gb DDoS per second and UDomain 10Gb per second. As the scale of attack is tremendous, all three service providers were forced to temporarily suspend their services. An expert estimated that there could be at least 5,000 but possibly more than 10,000 computers involved in the attack. On June 16, Amazon decided to stop providing DNS hosting service to HKU POP and UDomain withdrew its security protection service. Cloudflare is now the only service provider to support the voting system. IT security expert Anthony Lai posted digital attack maps on his Facebook page, comparing the attack scale between June 10 and June 14 (see top), before and after HKU POP tested the voting system: Digital Attack Map on June 10. Destination Hong Kong. HKU POP is working on a solution to the voting system’s vulnerability. They are considering to using 125 telephone lines for voting, but this will not be able to accommodate the expected 70,000 votes in 12 hours. In 2012, the HKU POP was also attacked by DDoS when it hosted a mock universal suffrage poll for the chief executive election. Source: http://advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org/2014/06/17/hong-kong-voting-site-suffers-massive-ddos-attack-before-civil-referendum/

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Hong Kong Voting Site Suffers DDoS Attack Before Civil Referendum

Feedly suffers second round of DDoS attacks after perpetrator tried to extort money

Update 7.26am PST (June 12) After initially giving the all-clear for business to resume, Feedly has announced that it’s currently suffering a second round of DDoS attacks. The company says in a blog post: “We are currently being targeted by a second DDoS attack and are working with our service providers to mitigate the issue. As with yesterday’s attack, your data is safe. We apologize for the inconvenience and will update this blog post as more information is available or the situation changes.” Update 3:40PM PT: Feedly has posted on its blog that it has neutralized the DDoS attack as of 3:07PM PT. “You should now be able to access your feedly from both feedly.com, mobile apps and third party applications. Our ops team is closely monitoring the situation in case the attacks resume. It might take a few hours for some of the 40 million feeds we poll to be fully updated. We would like to re-iterate that none of your data was compromised by this attack.” Original post below: If you’ve been having issues accessing your RSS feed via Feedly today, well, there’s a good reason for that. Feedly has announced that it’s currently suffering a DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attack, with the perpetrator(s) attempting to garner money from the company to make it stop. “We refused to give in and are working with our network providers to mitigate the attack as best as we can,” explains Edwin Khodabakchian, founder and CEO of Feedly. Feedly is assuring its users that their data remains safe, and access will be restored once the “attack is mitigated.” Other companies have been affected by a DDoS too, as Feedly alludes to when it says “we are working in parallel with other victims of the same group and with law enforcement.” Just yesterday, Evernote reported it had been subjected to a similar attack, though it was quickly restored. It’s not clear whether this is directly related to the current attack on Feedly. We’ll update here when we receive any updates. Source: http://thenextweb.com/insider/2014/06/11/feedly-suffers-ddos-attack-perpetrator-tries-extort-money/

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Feedly suffers second round of DDoS attacks after perpetrator tried to extort money

World Cup websites struck down by DDoS attacks

Various websites associated to the World Cup have been struck by a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack ahead of the tournament’s opening match on Thursday. The official government World Cup website has been down for more than a day, as well as the websites of some host states. Hacking collective Anonymous has claimed responsibility for the attacks. The hacker group has published a list of over 60 websites that have successfully taken down and are still offline at the time of writing, including as the Brazil website of recording giant Universal Music. Public figures that are perceived by the hackers as supportive of the government and the World Cup are also being targeted. Various performers such as Caetano Veloso, Mariana Aydar, and Filipe Catto have had the content of their websites replaced by anti-FIFA messages or taken down. Last month, the internal communications system of the Brazilian Ministry of External Relations was also hacked, with a possible leak of confidential information. Even though Anonymous has not claimed direct responsibility for the attack, it has released a YouTube video justifying it and citing general dissatisfaction with the World Cup. Back in February, the hackers said they were preparing for a string of cyberattacks to FIFA and sponsor websites during the World Cup, including DDoS attacks, as well as website defacement and data theft. The Anonymous group has vowed to continue the attacks and is posting regular updates on Twitter under the hashtags #OpHackingCup and #OpWorldCup. Source: http://www.zdnet.com/world-cup-websites-struck-down-by-ddos-attacks-7000030479/#ftag=RSSbaffb68

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World Cup websites struck down by DDoS attacks

Get Safe Online suffers ‘DDoS’ attack

“We’re looking at what we can do to make sure this won’t happen again. We’re sorry. I’ve had no sleep for two days” – Tony Neate, GSO chief executive During the first hour after the National Crime Agency (NCA) advised Internet users to check out the Get Safe Online web site in the wake of the Gameover Zeus/CryptoLocker botnet takedown, the site suffered what some have described as an unintended DDoS attack. The reality for most users who heeded the 2pm Monday call was that site either froze as they were trying to access it, or simply became inaccessible as too many people overloaded the site server’s access facility. Get Safe Online (GSO) has blamed the effective outage as simply down to the fact that two many people were trying to access the site at the same time. As a result, the servers could not complete the IP requests, resulting in an outage lasting two days, until late yesterday. This was despite the site operators moving swiftly to quadruple site capacity. Tony Neate, GSO’s chief executive – the man who set up the company back in 2006 after a 30-year career in the Police – told the BBC newswire that it is important for people to realise that this has been a learning curve for him and his team. “We’re looking at what we can do to make sure this won’t happen again. We’re sorry. I’ve had no sleep for two days,” he said. GSO is a jointly funded operation supported by the UK government and a variety of commercial sponsors, including Barclays, NatWest, Kaspersky Lab and PayPal. The idea behind the site is that it is a one-stop shop for cybersecurity safety for individuals and small businesses. Sean Power, security operations manager with DOSarrest, the DDoS remediation specialist, said that the overload of GSO is a great example of the `Slashdot effect’ or the `Reddit hug of death.’ This, he explained, is where a site’s sudden popularity – usually initiated by reference in a popular community site – is more than the infrastructure can handle. “This is akin to a small cart vendor opening a free money stall in Times Square,” he said, adding that the nett effect is a sudden denial of service that is both unintentional and unexpected. It is, says Power, vital that a denial-of-service incident response team is able to tell the difference between a malicious attack and a sudden dramatic increase in popularity, because you will want to treat the two situations very differently. “For this reason many firms elect to employ a seasoned denial-of-service mitigation company who have the expertise to make this distinction – and act accordingly to ensure that the site is up and available to all legitimate visitors,” he said.” “One of the added advantages of having a good distributed-denial-of-service protection provider is their ability to handle extremely large legitimate requests, whereby the customer gets to leverage their caching and distributed architecture,” he added. Source: http://www.scmagazineuk.com/get-safe-online-suffers-ddos-attack/article/351148/

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Get Safe Online suffers ‘DDoS’ attack

Anonymous takes aim at World Cup sponsors

Hactivist group Anonymous has announced plans to launch a DDoS attack on the sponsors of the football World Cup, which opens in Brazil later this month. Reuters – interviewing Che Commodore, a masked member of Anonymous – says that preparations for the distributed denial of service attack are now under way. “We have a plan of attack. We have already conducted late-night tests to see which of the sites are more vulnerable – this time we are targeting the sponsors of the World Cup,” he said. The main sponsors of the World Cup include Adidas, Budweiser, Coca Cola and Emirates Airlines. Reuters quotes Che Commodore as claiming that a test attack earlier this week allowed Anonymous to break into the Brazilian Foreign Ministry’s server and access dozens of confidential documents, as well as steal several email accounts. The newswire adds that in response to the claims, a Foreign Ministry official told Reuters that 55 email accounts were accessed and the only documents that were obtained were attached to emails and those from the ministry’s internal document archive. Can Anonymous carry out its threat? Tim Keanini, CTO with Lancope, says that, regardless of threat profile, an event of this magnitude must have a heightened level of readiness to a physical or cyber security related event. “By the time a group like this makes a public announcement, much of the infiltration phase has already been done. These threat actors are smart and they don’t start to show their cards until they are well into the operational phase of their campaign,” he explained. Keanini said that events like the World Cup require hundreds of interconnected businesses and every one of those businesses need to be prepared. “If your business is connected to the Internet you should be prepared for cyber security events because it is likely to have already happened, you just don’t have the tools and technique to detect it,” he noted. Sean Power, security operations manager with DOSarrest, meanwhile, said that Anonymous is a face that any hacktivist can masquerade behind. “The composition of a team from one OP to the next will vary greatly – with a predictable effect on the sophistication of the attack. That being said, under normal operation any event as much in the public eye should be wary of DoS attacks, if threats have already been levied, that concern should be increased, not dismissed out of hand,” he explained. Ryan Dewhurst, a senior engineer and web security specialist with RandomStorm, told SCMagazineUK.com that Anonymous has already stated that they used targeted phishing emails to install malware on victim’s machines and gain access to government documents. “I believe they will use a mixture of both sophisticated and non-sophisticated attacks. However, they have also stated that they will be carrying out Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against the World Cup sponsors,” he said. “Anonymous’ DDoS attacks, in the past, have worked by getting many Anonymous members to run software, most likely their infamous Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC) tool, which attempts to flood their target with an overwhelming amount of traffic. The LOIC tool is most likely being run by the majority of the group members who have less technical skill, whereas the more sophisticated attacks are most likely carried out by the most skilled members of the group which would be fewer in number,” he added. Dewhurst says that Anonymous – if indeed it is this group and not another group of hacktivists using its name – are always going to go for the easiest targets, as these are also the least risky for them to attack, while still achieving their goals. “If their less risky methods are unsuccessful they will begin to increase the sophistication of the attack, however this also increases the risk of them eventually being caught,” he explained. David Howorth, Alert Logic’s vice president, say there are lessons that can be learned from Anonymous’ latest campaign, which means that companies should review their security practices assuming an attack could take place. IT security professionals, he advises, must be vigilant and ensure that all employees are aware of the company’s internal security policy and best practices, practice good password security, as well as making sure that all systems and applications are up-to-date and patched. “Make sure you have expertise that can monitor, correlate and analyse the security threats to your network and applications across your on-premise and cloud infrastructure 24×7 for continuous protection – this should be done now, as the hackers are already testing the vulnerabilities in the infrastructure in preparation for their attacks,” he went on to say. Source: http://www.scmagazineuk.com/anonymous-takes-aim-at-world-cup-sponsors/article/349934/

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Anonymous takes aim at World Cup sponsors